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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago

Coordinates: 41°53′46″N 87°37′40″W / 41.8960°N 87.6277°W / 41.8960; -87.6277
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Archdiocese of Chicago

Archidiœcesis Chicagiensis
Holy Name Cathedral
Coat of arms
Flag
Location
CountryUnited States
TerritoryCounties of Cook and Lake
Ecclesiastical provinceChicago
Statistics
Area1,411 sq mi (3,650 km2)
Population
- Total
- Catholics		(as of 2017)
5.94 million
2,079,000[1] (35%)
Parishes216[1] (As of 1/2024)
Schools154 archdiocesan-run[1]
34 non-archdiocesan-run[1]
Information
DenominationCatholic Church
Sui iuris churchLatin Church
RiteRoman Rite
EstablishedNovember 28, 1843; 180 years ago (1843-11-28)
CathedralHoly Name Cathedral
Patron saintImmaculate Conception[citation needed]
Secular priests672[1]
Current leadership
PopeFrancis
ArchbishopBlase J. Cupich[2]
Auxiliary Bishops
Vicar GeneralRobert Gerald Casey[3]
Bishops emeritus
Map
Website
archchicago.org

The Archdiocese of Chicago (Latin: Archidiœcesis Chicagiensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction, an archdiocese of the Catholic Church located in Northeastern Illinois, in the United States. The Vatican erected it as a diocese in 1843 and elevated it to an archdiocese in 1880. Chicago is the see city for the archdiocese.

Blase Joseph Cupich was appointed archbishop of Chicago in 2014 (and cardinal in 2016) by Pope Francis. The cathedral parish for the archdiocese, Holy Name Cathedral, is in the Near North Side area of Chicago

The archdiocese serves over 2 million Catholics in Cook and Lake counties, an area of 1,411 square miles (3,650 km2). The archdiocese is divided into six vicariates and 31 deaneries. An episcopal vicar administers each vicariate. The archdiocese is the metropolitan see of the Province of Chicago. Its suffragan dioceses are the other Catholic dioceses in Illinois: Belleville, Joliet, Peoria, Rockford, and Springfield.

Joseph Cardinal Bernardin, archbishop of Chicago from 1982 to 1996, was arguably one of the most prominent figures in the American Catholic church in the post-Vatican II era, rallying progressives with his "seamless garment ethic" and his ecumenical initiatives.[4]

History

[edit]
See also: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore § History

1600 to 1800

[edit]
Reverend Marquette

The first Catholic presence in present-day Illinois was that of the French Jesuit missionary, Reverend Jacques Marquette, who landed at the mouth of the Chicago River on December 4, 1674. A cabin he built for the winter became the first European settlement in the area. Marquette published his survey of the new territories and soon more French missionaries and settlers arrived.[5]

In 1696, the French Jesuit, Reverend Jacques Gravier, was named to found the Illinois mission among the Illinois, Miami, Kaskaskia and others of the Illiniwek confederacy situated in the Mississippi River and Illinois River valleys.[6]During this period, the French-Canadian and Native American Catholics in the region were under the jurisdiction of the bishop of the Diocese of Quebec in New France.

With the end of the French and Indian War in 1763, the British took control of Illinois. Their rule ended after the end of the American Revolution in 1783 when the British ceded Illinois and other Midwestern territories to the new United States.[7] In 1795, the Potawatomi nation signed the Treaty of Greenville that ended the Northwest Indian War, ceding to the United States land at the mouth of the Chicago River.[8]

1800 to 1840

[edit]
St. Mary's Cathedral, Chicago

In 1804, Pope Pius VI erected the Diocese of Baltimore, covering the entire United States. In 1822, Alexander Beaubien became the first person to be baptized as a Catholic in Chicago.[9]By 1826, the Vatican had created the Diocese of St. Louis, covering Illinois and other areas of the American Midwest.[10]

In 1833, Jesuit missionaries in Chicago wrote to Bishop Joseph Rosati of St. Louis, pleading for a priest to serve the 100 Catholics in the city. In response, Rosati appointed Reverend John Saint Cyr. a French priest, as the first resident priest in Chicago. Saint Cyr celebrated his first mass in a log cabin on Lake Street in 1833.[9]At a cost of $400, Saint Cyr constructed St. Mary, a small wooden church near Lake and State Streets. The first Catholic church in the city, it was dedicated in 1833.[11] The next year, Bishop Simon Bruté of the new Diocese of Vincennes in Indiana, visited Chicago. He found only one priest serving over 400  Catholics. Brulé asked permission from Rosati to send several priests from Vincennes to Chicago.

In 1837, Saint Cyr retired as pastor of St. Mary and was replaced by Reverend James O'Meara. He moved St. Mary to another wooden structure at Wabash Avenue and Madison Street. When O'Meara left Chicago, Saint Palais demolished the wooden church and replaced it with a brick structure.[12]

1840 to 1850

[edit]

Pope Gregory XVI erected the Diocese of Chicago on November 28, 1843. It included all of the new State of Illinois, taking territory from the Dioceses of St. Louis and Vincennes.[13] In 1844, Gregory XVI named Reverend William Quarter of Ireland as the first bishop of Chicago.[9]On his arrival in Chicago, Quarter summoned a synod of the 32 priests to begin the organization of the diocese.[9]

One of Quarter's most important achievements was the passage of an Illinois law in 1845 that declared the bishop of Chicago an incorporated entity, with the power to hold real estate and other property in trust for religious purposes.[14] This would allow Quarter and future prelates to construct churches, colleges, and universities in the archdiocese.

Quarter invited the Sisters of Mercy to come to Chicago in 1846. Over the next six years, the sisters founded schools, two orphanages and an academy. One of their projects was the St. Xavier Female Seminary, a secondary school that attracted students from wealthy Catholic and Protestant families.[15]Quarter died on April 10, 1848.[16]

On October 3, 1848, Pope Pius IX appointed Reverend James Van de Velde of the Society of Jesus as the second bishop of Chicago.[17]During his brief tenure in Chicago, Van de Velde built two elementary schools , a night school for adults, an employment office, and a boarding house for working women.[15] After the 1849 cholera outbreak in Chicago in 1849, he established residences for the many children orphaned by the epidemic.[15]

1850 to 1860

[edit]

Van De Velde opened the Illinois Hospital of the Lakes in 1851, the first hospital in Chicago. [15]Suffering from severe rheumatism during the harsh Chicago winters, Van De Velde persuaded the pope in 1852 to appoint him as bishop of the Diocese of Natchez in Mississippi.[18][19][20] The Vatican in 1853 erected the Diocese of Quincy, taking Southern Illinois from the Diocese of Chicago. The Diocese of Quincy later became the Diocese of Alton and then the Diocese of Springfield in Illinois.[13]

On December 1853, Reverend Anthony O'Regan was appointed as the third bishop of Chicago by Pius IX. During his tenure, O'Regan purchased property for the construction of several churches and Calvary Cemetery in Chicago. A systematic administrator and strong disciplinarian, O'Regan generated significant dissatisfaction among his clergy.[21] Many French-speaking congregants accused him of stealing their property.[22][23] In 1855, the Sisters of the Holy Cross founded an industrial school in Chicago for girls, both Catholic and non-Catholic.[15]

Frustrated by the opposition he faced in the diocese, O'Regan submitted his resignation in 1857 to the Vatican, which accepted it in June 1858.[24] The pope appointed Bishop James Duggan of St. Louis as the apostolic administrator of the diocese.

On January 21, 1859, Pius IX named Duggan as the fourth bishop of Chicago.[25] Duggan faced challenges in Chicago: the legacy of the decade-long lack of leadership in the diocese, the aftereffects of the financial panic of 1857, and of the American Civil War. German Catholics were hostile to an Irish bishop. Irish-born priests were hostile to Dugan's stand against the Fenian Brotherhood: he denied the sacraments to anyone tied to this secret society. Some clergy faulted Duggan for failing to support the University of St. Mary of the Lake when it was facing a financial and enrollment crisis.

In 1859, Dugan founded the House of the Good Shepherd in Chicago as a residence for "delinquent women".[15]

1860 to 1880

[edit]

After Duggan returned from the Second Plenary Council of Baltimore in 1866, he began to exhibit sign of mental instability. When he left Chicago for a trip to Europe, several diocesan priests asked the Vatican to assess Dugan's mental health.[26] Pius IX sent Duggan to sanitarium in St. Louis in 1869 and appointed Monsignor Thomas Foley as coadjutor bishop to operate the diocese.

In October 1871, the diocese suffered nearly a million dollars in property damage in the Great Chicago Fire.[27] Foley quickly set about rebuilding. On November 21. 1875, Foley dedicated the new Cathedral of the Holy Name, designed by Patrick Keely.[28] Foley invited the Franciscans, Vincentians, Servites, Viatorians, and Resurrectionist religious orders to establish parishes and schools in the diocese. In 1876, disagreements between Foley and Mother Mary Alfred Moes of the Sisters of St. Francis of Mary Immaculate of Joliet led her to relocate her order to Minnesota.[29]

In 1877, the Vatican erected the Diocese of Peoria, taking several counties in Central Illinois from the Diocese of Chicago. Foley died in 1879,

1880 to 1900

[edit]
Archbishop Feehan

In 1880, the Vatican elevated the Diocese of Chicago to the Archdiocese of Chicago.. At that time, it transferred five more counties to the Diocese of Peoria.[14] Pope Leo XIII named Bishop Patrick Feehan from the Diocese of Nashville as the first archbishop.[30]

From 1880 to 1902, the Catholic population of Chicago nearly quadrupled to 800,000, mainly due to immigration. While the existing Irish and German communities expanded, Polish, Bohemian, French, Lithuanian, Italian, Croatian, Slovak and Dutch Catholics arrived, bringing their own languages and cultural traditions.[31]

During his tenure as archbishop, Feehan founded 140 new parishes. Fifty-two of them were national parishes serving particular ethnic communities, staffed by religious orders from their home countries. The parishes provided the new immigrants with find familiar fraternal organizations, music, and language, safe from xenophobia and anti-Catholic discrimination.[31]

In 1881, Feehan established the St. Vincent Orphan Asylum and in 1883 the St. Mary's Training School for Boys. They were followed in 1887 with the founding of St. Paul's Home for Working Boys.[32]A strong supporter of Catholic education, Feehan promoted it with an exhibition at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago[33] "Archbishop Feehan believed a strong system of Catholic education would solve the problem of inconsistent religious instruction at home, and unify a rapidly diversifying Catholic America."[34] He also brought the Vincentians to Chicago to start what is now DePaul University.

1900 to 1930

[edit]
Archbishop Quigley

After Feehan died in 1902, Leo XIII in 1903 named Bishop James Quigley from the Diocese of Buffalo as the next archbishop of Chicago.[35] In 1905, Quigley asked Reverend John De Schryver, a professor at St. Ignatius College Prep in Chicago, to organize St. John Berchmans Parish for Belgian Catholics.[36] Quigley also established parishes for Italian and Lithuanian immigrants. "Chicago's urban parishes flourished as an important spiritual, cultural, and educational component of Chicago's life."[37]

In 1910, Quigley approached Reverend Francis X. McCabe, president of DePaul University, about the lack of higher education opportunities for Catholic women in the archdiocese. DePaul began admitting women the following year.[38] Quigley died in 1915.[39]

The next archbishop of Chicago was Auxiliary Bishop George Mundelein from the Diocese of Brooklyn, appointed by Pope Benedict XV on December 9, 1915.[40] Almost half the Chicago population was Catholic by the 1920s. For decades, the parishes had been building their own schools, using sisters as inexpensive teachers. The language of instruction was often German or Polish. On taking office, Mundelein centralized control of the parish schools. His building committee picked the locations for new schools while his school board standardized curricula, textbooks, teacher training, testing, and educational policy.[41]

In 1926, the archdiocese hosted the 28th International Eucharistic Congress.

1930 to 2000

[edit]

Main article: Our Lady of the Angels School Fire

Mundelein died in 1939.[42] To replace him, Pope Pius XII named Archbishop Samuel Stritch from the Archdiocese of Milwaukee.[43]After Stritch died in May 1958, Pius Xll appointed Archbishop Albert Meyer of Milwaukee as archbishop of Chicago on September 19, 1958.[44]

On December 1, 1958, a fire destroyed part of Our Lady of the Angels School in Chicago, killing 92 students and three nuns. While visiting survivors in the hospital and viewing the deceased in the city morgue, Meyer was overcome with grief. Cardinal Francis Spellman travelled to Chicago from New York City to support Meyer and Pope John XXIII sent him a telegram of condolence. In 1959, the National Fire Protection Association report on the fire criticized the archdiocese for "housing their children in fire traps". The report noted that the archdiocese continued to operate schools with inadequate fire safety standards. The archdiocese faced $44 million in lawsuits from the families of fire victims and survivors. After six years of negotiations, Meyer agreed to a financial settlement with the victims and survivors.[45]

In 1960, Meyer banned parishes from hosting bingo games in response to reports of corruption.[46] In January 1961, during riots in the African-American Bronzeville neighborhood of Chicago, Meyer made this statement:

We must remove from the church on the local scene any possible taint of racial discrimination or racial segregation, and help provide the moral leadership for eliminating racial discrimination from the whole community.[46]

In the early 1990s, the archdiocese closed almost 40 churches and schools.[47]

2000 to present

[edit]

In 2016, increasing costs, low attendance at mass and priest shortages prompted the archdiocese to close or consolidate up to 100 parishes and schools over the next 15 years.[48] As of 2024, 39 churches in Chicago and 21 in the surrounding suburbs have closed and the number of parishes has gone from 344 to 216.[49] [50]

Sexual abuse

[edit]
Main article: Sexual abuse scandal in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago

On May 23, 2023, Illinois Attorney General Kwame Raoul released a report on the sexual abuse of children by Catholic clergy in Illinois. The investigation found that more than 450 clergy had abused nearly 2,000 children since 1950.[51][52]

Churches

[edit]
Main article: List of churches in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago

In the 1950s, Chicago-area Catholics spoke of which churches they attended and identified themselves via these churches. University of Notre Dame professor Kathleen Sprows Cummings stated that knowing one's church revealed demographic information and that it "was an identifier, almost more identifiable than the particular neighborhood that they lived in."[53]

Archbishop's residence

[edit]
Archbishop's residence, Chicago (now a guesthouse)

The archbishop's residence at 1555 North State Parkway in Chicago is a private guesthouse owned by the Archdiocese of Chicago. It served as the official residence of the archbishops of Chicago until 2014, when incoming Archbishop Blaise Cupich decided to live in simpler quarters in the Holy Name Cathedral rectory.[54]

Listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the archbishop's residence was built in 1885 by Bishop Feehan. A three-story, red brick building, it is one of the oldest structures in the Astor Street District, according to the Landmarks Preservation Council. Before its construction, the bishops of Chicago resided at a home on LaSalle Street and North Avenue. When Pope John Paul II visited Chicago in 1979, he became the first pontiff to stay at the residence. However, both Pope Pius XII and Pope Paul VI resided there during visits as cardinals.[55]

Bishops

[edit]

Since 1915, the Vatican has designated each archbishop of Chicago as a cardinal priest, with membership in the College of Cardinals. As such, they also have responsibilities in the dicasteries of the Roman Curia.

  • All but two of the bishops and archbishops of Chicago previously served as diocesan priests.
  • Bishop Van de Velde belonged to the Society of Jesus and Archbishop George was a member of the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate.[9]

Bishops of Chicago

[edit]
  1. William J. Quarter (1844–1848)
  2. James Oliver Van de Velde (1848–1853), appointed Bishop of Natchez
  3. Anthony O'Regan (1854–1858)
  4. James Duggan (1859–1880)
Monument to victims of the 1958 Our Lady of the Angels School Fire in Chicago. It is located at Queen of Heaven Cemetery

Archbishops of Chicago

[edit]
  1. Patrick Augustine Feehan (1880–1902)
  2. James Edward Quigley (1903–1915)
  3. Cardinal George Mundelein (1915–1939)
  4. Cardinal Samuel Stritch (1939–1958), appointed Pro-Prefect of the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith
  5. Cardinal Albert Gregory Meyer (1958–1965)
  6. Cardinal John Cody (1965–1982)
  7. Cardinal Joseph Bernardin (1982–1996)
  8. Cardinal Francis George (1997–2014)
  9. Cardinal Blase J. Cupich (2014–present)

Current auxiliary bishops

[edit]

Former auxiliary bishops

[edit]
Our Lady of Mount Carmel Church, Chicago

Other priests of this diocese who became bishops

[edit]

Structure of the archdiocese

[edit]
Archdiocese of Chicago vicariate map

Administration

The archdiocese pastoral centers are Archbishop Quigley Center, 835 North Rush Street and Cardinal Meyer Center, 3525 South Lake Park Avenue, both in Chicago.

Departments

[edit]

As of 2024, the archdiocese has the following departments, agencies and offices:

  • Amate House
  • Archdiocesan Council of Catholic Women
  • Archives and Records
  • Assistance Ministry
  • Catechesis and Youth Ministry
  • Catholic Cemeteries
  • Catholic Charities
  • Chicago Airports Catholic Chaplaincy
  • Catholic Schools
  • Chancellor's Office
  • Communications and Public Relations
  • Conciliation
  • Diaconate
  • Divine Worship
  • Ecumenical and Interreligious Affairs
  • Family Ministries
  • Financial Services
  • Lay Ecclesial Ministry
  • Legal Services
  • Liturgy Training Publications
  • Metropolitan Tribunal
  • Ecumenical and Interreligious Affairs
  • Evangelization and Missionary Discipleship
  • Information Technology
  • Human Dignity and Solidarity
  • Persons with Disabilities
  • Parish Vitality and Mission
  • Protection of Children and Youth
  • Planning and Construction
  • Respect Life
  • Stewardship and Development
  • Vocations
  • Young Adult Ministry
  • Youth Ministry[56]

Office of Catholic Schools

[edit]
Archbishop Quigley Pastoral Center, Chicago
See also: List of schools of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago

The Office of Catholic Schools operates, manages, and supports diocesan and Catholic primary and secondary schools. Catholic education in the Chicago area began on June 3, 1844, with the opening of a boys' school. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, the archdiocese established schools serving Germans, Poles, Czechs and Bohemians, French, Slovaks, Lithuanians, Puerto Rican Americans, African Americans, Italians, and Mexicans. Many of these schools were founded and run by religious sisters.

The school construction boom in the archdiocese ended when Cardinal John Cody decided to limit construction of schools in Lake County and suburban Cook County. Due to demographic changes, the archdiocese closed over half of its urban schools between 1966 and 2005.[57]

Between 1984 and 2004, the archdiocese closed 148  schools and 10  school sites.[58] An August 27, 2015, article in the Chicago Tribune refers to the Office of Catholic Schools as the largest private school system in the United States.[59] At the outset of the 2020/21 academic year, the archdiocese ran 160 elementary schools and three high schools. An additional eight Catholic elementary schools and 28 Catholic high schools that are not archdiocesan-run are located within the archdiocese.[1] As of 2015, the superintendent of Catholic Schools is Jim Rigg.[60]

In January 2018, the archdiocese announced the closure of five of its schools.[61] In January 2020, the archdiocese announced the closure of five morer schools.[62] As of 2022, there are 33 Catholic high schools currently operating in Cook and Lake counties, seven all-girl high schools, seven all-boys high schools and 19 co-ed high schools.[63]

Respect Life Office

[edit]

Cardinal Francis George established the Respect Life Office in the archdiocese. It provides educational resources and a speakers bureau, and sponsors conferences, retreats and rallies. The Office runs Project Rachel Post Abortion Healing, a program for women who have abortion procedures; and the Chastity Education Initiative, which advises youth and young adults on sexuality issues.[64][65]

The office has coordinated the local 40 Days for Life campaign and trips to the March for Life rallies in both Chicago and Washington, DC, for college and high school students.[66][67]

Seminary

[edit]

Province of Chicago

[edit]
Province of Chicago

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f "Facts and Figures - Archdiocese of Chicago". www.archchicago.org.
  2. ^ Joshua J. McElwee (September 21, 2014). "Exclusive: Chicago's new archbishop talks about 'stepping into the unknown'". National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved September 22, 2014.
  3. ^ "Cardinal Blase J. Cupich Names Bishop Robert G. Casey New Vicar General of Archdiocese of Chicago" (Press release). Archdiocese of Chicago. August 28, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020.
  4. ^ "A Consistent Ethic of Life: Continuing the Dialogue". www.priestsforlife.org. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
  5. ^ Monet, J. (1979). "Marquette, Jacques". Dictionary of Canadian Biography. University of Toronto/Laval University. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
  6. ^ "Jacques Gravier", Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online, accessed 1 Mar 2010
  7. ^ Department Of State. The Office of Electronic Information, Bureau of Public Affairs. "Treaty of Paris, 1783". 2001-2009.state.gov. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
  8. ^ "Summer 1795: The Treaty of Greenville creates an uneasy peace (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
  9. ^ a b c d e Melody, John (1908). "Archdiocese of Chicago". Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 3. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
  10. ^ "Saint Louis (Archdiocese) [Catholic-Hierarchy]". www.catholic-hierarchy.org. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
  11. ^ "History - Old St. Mary's Chicago". oldstmarys.com. July 24, 2017. Retrieved November 15, 2024.
  12. ^ "Father O'Meara biography". St. Dennis Church. Archived from the original on March 10, 2007. Retrieved April 29, 2006.
  13. ^ a b "Chicago (Archdiocese) [Catholic-Hierarchy]". www.catholic-hierarchy.org. Retrieved November 15, 2024.
  14. ^ a b Avella, Steven M. (2005). "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago". Encyclopedia of Chicago. Chicago Historical Society/Newberry Library. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
  15. ^ a b c d e f Walch, Timothy (1978). "Catholic Social Institutions and Urban Development: The View from Nineteenth-Century Chicago and Milwaukee". The Catholic Historical Review. 64 (1): 16–32. ISSN 0008-8080.
  16. ^ "Bishop William Quarter (1806–1848)". Offaly Historical & Archaeological Society. September 2, 2007. Archived from the original on January 5, 2006. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
  17. ^ "Bishop James Oliver Van de Velde [Catholic-Hierarchy]". www.catholic-hierarchy.org. Retrieved November 17, 2024.
  18. ^ De Smet, Pierre-Jean. Death of Bishop Van de Velde Archived 2012-10-20 at the Wayback Machine, 1855 eulogy to Belgian newsletter by fellow Belgian-born Jesuit; accessed April 12, 2009.
  19. ^ Biographical Sketch of Bishop James O. Van de Velde, S. J. Archived 2011-07-28 at the Wayback Machine, St. Mary Basilica Archives. Accessed April 13, 2009.
  20. ^ Archdiocese of Chicago: (Chicagiensis), New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia. Accessed April 15, 2009.
  21. ^ Garraghan, Gilbert Joseph. The Catholic Church in Chicago, 1673–1871.
  22. ^ Clarke, Richard Henry. Lives of the deceased bishops of the Catholic Church in the United States.
  23. ^ "Founding Fathers". Hidden Truths: Catholic Cemetery.
  24. ^ "Meet the previous leaders of the church in Chicago". Chicago Catholic. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
  25. ^ "Bishop James Duggan [Catholic-Hierarchy]". www.catholic-hierarchy.org. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
  26. ^ John J. Treanor, "Chicago's fourth bishop "home" after 102 years" The Catholic New World April 1, 2001 "The Catholic New World - 04/01/01 - Final chapter, final rest: Chicago's fourth bishop "home" after 102 years". Archived from the original on July 8, 2011. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
  27. ^ Avella, Steven M., "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago",Encyclopedia of Chicago, 2005, Chicago Historical Society
  28. ^ Holy Name Cathedral, history
  29. ^ "History of Mayo Clinic Hospital, Saint Marys Campus", Mayo Clinic
  30. ^ "Archbishop Patrick Augustine Feehan [Catholic-Hierarchy]". www.catholic-hierarchy.org. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
  31. ^ a b Brachear, Manya A., "Chicago's first archbishop was 'good prelate, good man'" Chicago Tribune, May 19, 2013
  32. ^ Tribune, Chicago (May 19, 2013). "Chicago's first archbishop was 'good prelate, good man'". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved November 19, 2024.
  33. ^ "From Feehan to Cupich: meet Chicago's Catholic leaders" Chicago Tribune, September 23, 2014
  34. ^ Mercado, Monica. "Archbishop Patrick A. Feehan and Catholic Chicago", Faith in the City
  35. ^ "Meet the previous leaders of the church in Chicago". Chicago Catholic. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
  36. ^ ""Our History", St. John Berchmans School". Archived from the original on June 28, 2022. Retrieved February 16, 2020.
  37. ^ Avella, Steven. "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago", Encyclopedia of Chicago
  38. ^ "Into the Archives | Sections | DePaul University Newsline | DePaul University, Chicago". resources.depaul.edu. Retrieved November 19, 2024.
  39. ^ "Archbishop James Edward Quigley [Catholic-Hierarchy]". www.catholic-hierarchy.org. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
  40. ^ "George William Cardinal Mundelein [Catholic-Hierarchy]". www.catholic-hierarchy.org. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
  41. ^ James W. Sanders, The education of an urban minority: Catholics in Chicago, 1833-1965 (Oxford UP, 1977) pp. 126-136, 147-160.
  42. ^ "George William Cardinal Mundelein [Catholic-Hierarchy]". www.catholic-hierarchy.org. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
  43. ^ "Samuel Alphonsus Cardinal Stritch [Catholic-Hierarchy]". www.catholic-hierarchy.org. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
  44. ^ "Albert Gregory Cardinal Meyer [Catholic-Hierarchy]". www.catholic-hierarchy.org. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
  45. ^ "Albert Cardinal Meyer Is Dead;I Archbishop of Chicago Was 621; Leader of Largest A rchdioces in U.S. Urged Interfaith Ties at Council in Rome". The New York Times. April 10, 1965. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 5, 2022.
  46. ^ a b "Albert Cardinal Meyer Is Dead;I Archbishop of Chicago Was 621; Leader of Largest A rchdioces in U.S. Urged Interfaith Ties at Council in Rome". The New York Times. April 10, 1965. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 5, 2022.
  47. ^ Marx, Gary (January 29, 1990). "CHURCHES MAY SHUT, COMMUNITY DOESN'T". Chicago Tribune.
  48. ^ "Archdiocese May Close Nearly 100 Churches in Next 15 Years". Curbed Chicago. February 9, 2016.
  49. ^ "Decrees and Letters - Church Relegations". Archdiocese of Chicago. Retrieved July 3, 2024.
  50. ^ Ahern, Mary Ann (February 8, 2022). "Major Overhaul Will Leave Chicago Archdiocese With 123 Fewer Parishes By July". NBC 5 Chicago.
  51. ^ "Report On Catholic Clergy Child Sex Abuse In Illinois 2023". Office of the Attorney General - State of Illinois. May 23, 2023. Retrieved February 20, 2024.
  52. ^ Foody, Kathleen; Tarm, Michael (May 23, 2023). "Catholic clergy sexually abused Illinois kids far more often than church acknowledged, state finds". AP News. Retrieved February 20, 2024.
  53. ^ "Angels Too Soon: The Tragedy of the 1958 Our Lady of the Angels School Fire". WTTW. Retrieved April 3, 2024.
  54. ^ "Archbishop Residence Chicago | Chicago Gold Coast Walking Tour | eVisitorGuide". www.evisitorguide.com. Retrieved November 15, 2024.
  55. ^ "The Archbishop's Residence -- Chicago Tribune". galleries.apps.chicagotribune.com. May 9, 2013. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
  56. ^ "Departments and Agencies" (shtm). Archdiocese of Chicago. Retrieved April 29, 2006.
  57. ^ Skerrett, Ellen (2005). "Catholic School System". Chicago Historical Society/Newberry Library. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
  58. ^ Simons, Paul. "Closed School History: 1984–2004" (PDF). Archdiocese of Chicago. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
  59. ^ Crosby, Rachel (August 27, 2015). "Chicago Catholic Schools names new superintendent". Chicago Tribune. Chicago. Retrieved November 24, 2023.
  60. ^ Crosby, Rachel (August 27, 2000). "Chicago Catholic Schools names new superintendent". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
  61. ^ Hope, Leah; Elgas, Rob; Hickey, Megan (January 19, 2018). "Archdiocese of Chicago to close 5 Catholic schools". ABC7 Chicago.
  62. ^ "Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago to Close 5 Schools". NBC Chicago. January 13, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
  63. ^ "Six decades later, officials say Regina Dominican's all-girls education increasingly relevant". Chicago Tribune. March 26, 2019. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
  64. ^ "Respect Life Office". Archdiocese of Chicago. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
  65. ^ "Chastity Education Initiative | Respect Life and Chastity Education - Parish Vitality and Mission". pvm.archchicago.org. Retrieved November 17, 2024.
  66. ^ ""March for Life Chicago" to Mark Respect Life Month Activities" (Press release). Archdiocese of Chicago. January 16, 2014.
  67. ^ DeFiglio, Pam (October 12, 2008). "Crowd kicks off '40 Days for Life' prayer vigil". Catholic New World. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
  68. ^ "Information, Schedule & Directions". Shrine of Christ the King. Retrieved March 3, 2016.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Coughlin, Roger J. Charitable Care in the Archdiocese of Chicago (Chicago: The Catholic Charities, 2009)
  • Dahm, Charles W. Power and Authority in the Catholic Church: Cardinal Cody in Chicago (University of Notre Dame Press, 1981)
  • Faraone, Dominic E. "Urban Rifts and Religious Reciprocity: Chicago and the Catholic Church, 1965–1996." (2013, PhD, Marquette University); Bibliography pages 359–86. online
  • Garrathan, Gilbert J. The Catholic Church in Chicago, 1673–1871 (Loyola University Press, 1921)
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